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Ebola ways of transmission6/22/2023 ![]() ![]() Following the West African outbreak in 2014, it has become a global public health security threat. Ebola virus has largely circulated in sub-Saharan Africa causing dreadful outbreaks of EVD. It resulted in a very high case-fatality ratio of up to 90%. The largest and deadliest outbreak ever registered occurred in 2014 and was caused by Zaire ebolavirus. Since then, over 25 outbreaks have been reported in Africa, with most of them occurring in the Congo Basin. Ebola virus was discovered during simultaneous outbreaks of febrile illness with shock and hemorrhage in Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo-DRC (former Zaire) in 1976. Outbreaks in humans have been caused by four of the six species of Ebola virus: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Taї Forest and Sudan. There is increasing evidence of asymptomatic infections. Haemorrhagic symptoms usually appear late resulting in delayed diagnosis. The disease in humans begins with flu-like symptoms. EVD surveillance is recommended particularly as outbreaks have often been reported in the Congo Basin.Įbola virus disease (EVD) is a fatal illness affecting humans and nonhuman primates caused by tEbola virus, a member of the family Filoviridae. We recommend rigorous sensitization campaigns in the study area to educate the population on EVD and clarify the misconceptions identified. Participants generally had poor knowledge of EVD and were at high risk of infection. Socio-cultural and service-related factors were deterrent factors to medical care. Although over half of participants seek medical care, most of them preferred traditional medicine. The majority of participants were at a very high risk of exposure to infection as they consumed various forms of bush meat and were involved in other risky practices such as scarification and touching of corpses. Demographic factors such as level of education, occupation and ethnic group significantly affected knowledge of EVD. Generally, participants’ knowledge of EVD was poor. Only 43.1% accepted EVD could be transmitted from human-to-human. Misconceptions were identified with regards to the cause and mode of transmission. Their source of information was mainly informal discussions in the community (49%). Although 83.3% participants had heard of EVD, most (71%) did not know its cause. ResultsĪ total of 510 participants, most of whom were hunters (31.4%), farmers (29.8%), and had primary education (62.7%), were included in this study. An adapted Threat Capability Basic Risk Assessment Guide was used to determine their risk of exposure to infection. Knowledge of EVD was assessed using an 8 item Morisky Scale. Data was analyzed using the chi-square test. A questionnaire was administered to them to collect demographic information, data on knowledge of EVD, their feeding and health-seeking behaviour. MethodsĪ cross-sectional study was conducted with participants randomly selected from 13 villages in Abong-Mbang by multi-stage cluster sampling. It was based on this that we investigated the Baka community of Abong-Mbang Health District in tropical rain forest of Cameroon. The design of effective prevention interventions requires an understanding of the factors that expose communities at risk. The recently approved rVSV-EBOV vaccine is not available in many high-risk countries hence prevention is paramount. Signs & symptoms.Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe, often fatal illness in humans and nonhuman primates caused by the Ebola virus. Infection control & prevention | TB guidelines.Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. International travelers.Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Exposure to TB.Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. ![]() doi:10.1001/jama.2023.4899Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione CM, Barry MJ, et al. What diseases are subject to Federal isolation and quarantine law?Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. The Department of Health and Human Services. BCG vaccine (TB vaccine).Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. TB prevention.Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Basic TB facts.Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ![]()
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